Bradford Fitch

After watching President Joe Biden’s State of the Union address, it would be easy to conclude that members of Congress have little interest in, and do not value, civility, bipartisanship, and collaboration as a means to address the challenges our nation faces. But a recent survey of some other folks who were also in the House chamber the same night shows those principles are still respected on Capitol Hill. These people are the men and women who work as staff in Congress.

The Congressional Management Foundation conducted a survey of senior congressional staff late last year and the results offer a roadmap to improving Congress as an institution. It also showed some positive signs that when members of Congress work in a civil and bipartisan fashion, they can actually improve our democratic institutions.

The survey and study, “The State of the Congress 2024,” is by no means a ringing endorsement of the legislative branch. In fact, when staffers were asked whether they agree with the statement, “Congress currently functions as a democratic legislature should,” only 19% agreed.

“Dictating is not governing, and governing requires compromise, which seems to be more difficult to obtain with the recent classes of representatives,” said a legislative director for a House Republican.

Yet civility and bipartisanship were clearly identified as necessary for Congress to succeed. Republicans (85%) and Democrats (70%) said civility was “very important” to a functioning legislature; and 60% of Republicans and 51% of Democrats said encouraging bipartisanship was “very important.” And a large number (96% of Democrats and 98% of Republicans) agreed that “it is necessary for senators and representatives to collaborate across party lines to best meet the needs of the nation.”

A Republican chief of staff on the House side said: “What we need is more people on both sides of the aisle who are more interested in persuading with facts, rather than seeing nonsense that gets them on TV or a bump in their fundraising.

One disturbing finding arising from the research is the increasing state of fear for staff working in the institution. “The mental strain of dealing with constituent anger is burdening. I can certainly understand the balance of access to our elected officials and safety. But the vitriol has gotten worse every year that I have worked for Congress,” said a House Democratic district director.

Democrats (68%) and Republicans (73%) similarly report personally experiencing “direct insulting or threatening messages or communication” at least “somewhat frequently.” It’s alarming that there are people who feel it’s OK to spew vitriol at congressional staff and fire off death threats to elected officials.

Importantly, the rising volume of rhetoric could affect whether congressional staff stay in their jobs. When asked how frequently they questioned “whether I should stay in Congress due to heated rhetoric from my party,” 59% of Republican staff said they are at least somewhat frequently considering leaving Congress, compared to 16% of Democrats.

A House Republican deputy chief of staff said it this way: “Typically when asked about civility I think about it in the bipartisan context. But civility between members of the same party has declined dramatically.”

Yet the research did yield some good news. Since 2019, the House of Representatives has engaged in a bipartisan and constructive effort to improve the capacity of the institution to function. The Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress and the new Subcommittee on Modernization are model efforts in problem-solving in legislatures. We compared the recent survey results with identical questions posed to similar congressional staff in 2022, and in every area staff satisfaction improved. Staff satisfaction with Congress’ access to high-quality, nonpartisan expertise more than doubled in two years. Similarly, satisfaction with the technological infrastructure also doubled the “very satisfied” rating.

“While there is always more that can be done, over the years I’ve worked at the House I think there’s been an impressive evolution in support services offered to employees,” said a House Democratic chief of staff.

The leaders of these efforts are to be commended as outstanding public servants seeking solutions to institutional problems. The chairs and vice chairs of these congressional panels – Reps. Derek Kilmer (D-Wash.), William Timmons (R-S.C.), and Stephanie Bice (R-Okla.) – have demonstrated remarkable creativity, persistence, and collaboration to enact genuine and tangible reforms to how Congress operates. While recent research shows Congress has a long way to go to reach the vision of our founders to build “a more perfect union,” congressional staff have offered both confirmation that progress can be made in this area and guidance on what still needs to be done.

Bradford Fitch is the president and CEO of the Congressional Management Foundation and a former congressional staffer.